Bone densitometry, also known as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), is a diagnostic imaging technique used to measure bone mineral density (BMD). It is a safe, non-invasive and painless procedure that helps in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and other bone related conditions.

During a bone densitometry exam, the patient lies on specialised table while a small, low-dose X-ray beam passes over the bone being tested, typically the hip, spine or forearm. The X-ray machine is equipped with 2 energy levels, allowing for the assessment of the bones mineral content. The images obtained are analysed by a radiologist or technologist to calculate the bone mineral density and assess the overall health of the bones.

Bone densitometry plays a crucial role in the early detection of osteoporosis, a condition characterised by low bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Measuring BMD, healthcare providers can evaluate an individual’s bone strength, estimated fracture risk, and monitor the progression of the disease. This information helps guide treatment decisions, such as lifestyle modification, calcium and vitamin-D supplementation, and medical therapy.

Procedure is fast and typically takes only a few minutes to complete. It exposes the patient to a minimal amount of radiation, much lower than standard X-ray. The patient experiences no discomfort during the exam and can resume regular activities immediately thereafter.

Bone densitometry is recommended for certain populations, including postmenopausal women, individuals with a family history of osteoporosis, those with certain medical conditions or taking medication that can affect bone health, and individuals who have experienced a fracture from minimal trauma.